Sighting device for guns.



No. 683,203. Patented sept. 24, |901.

H. Gauss.

SIGHTING DEVICE FR GUNS.

(Application 'led Dec. 26, 1900.)

(No Mudd.) 6 Shees-Sheet l,

IA 223x 4 l /MCSVUCHLOP N0. 683,203. Patentad Sept. 24, |90|` H. Gnu.smunm; navlce Fon Guns.

. (Application tiled Dec. 26, 1900.) (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Sept. 24, I90I. H. GRUBB. SIGHTING DEVICE FOR GUNS.

(Application led Dec. 26, 1900.)

6 Sheets-Sheetv 3.

(No Model.)

Patented sept. 24, |901.

H. GRUBB. SIGHTING nEvlcl-z Formuns.

(Application med Dec. 26, 1900.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No ModeL) W Mehrweg H. GRUBB.

SIGHTING DEVICE FOR GUNS.

Patented Sept. 24, 190|.

(Application led Dec. 28, 1000..

6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

@Ramses @f/w Q Patented sept. 24, mol. H. Gnu. SIGHTING DEVICE FOB GUNS.

' `(Application med Dec. 26, 1900.) (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

l1 n. L c v +33 I; il!

@nl/enter* Mamas.

Y UNITED STATES PATENT rrlcn.

HOWARD GRUBB, OF DBLIN., IRELAND.

VslcHrlNc DEVICE FOR euNs.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 683,203, datedSeptember 24, 1901.

Application filed December 26, 1900. Serial. No. 411152- (NO model-l v Iu To alba/hom it -may concern:

Beit known that I,HOWARD GRUBB,K'night, a subject of the Queen of GreatBritain and Ireland, residing at Dublin, Ireland, have inventedImprovement-s in Sighting Devices for Guns, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention has reference to a simple construction of sightingdevices for use with small-arms, guns, and ordnance (all hereinafterincluded in the term guns. Where not inconsistent with the context)whereby a distant object can be sighted in an easier manner and withless skill than with the sights heretofore usually employed. A sightingdevice for this purpose according to this invention is so constructedthat the distant object to be sighted or an image thereof and an im-.age of an object carried by the sighting de vice and constituting thesight proper can be superposed or'baused to coincide in such a way thatthey can be seen simultaneously and that the said image or sight propershall appear to be approximately as far distant as the object beingsighted, so that it can be viewed under practically the samebpticalconditions as the distant object. According to one construction such asighting device comprises one or more pieces of parallel glass orequivalent material inclined to the line of sight and through which theobject to be sighted can be seen and means whereby there can bepartially reflected from the two surfaces of the piece of parallel glassor of each piece of parallel glass an im age of a sight, the rays oflight from which are rendered parallel by being passed through alens ofconvex power before they reach the reflecting-sur l faces of the pieceor pieces of parallel glass,

the arrangement being such that the object and image can be seensimultaneously and that the image will appear to Abe as far distant asthe object and will be viewed under practically the same opticalconditions as the object, so that upon moving the gun to which thesighting device is applied sufficiently to canse the object and image tocoincide the gun will be correctly sighted for the said object.

' Inra modified construction the parallel glass is replaced by tworight-angled prisms arranged with their adjacent inclined surfaces 1near or close together and at an angle to the line of sight, while thevertical surfaces of the prisms are at right angles to the line ofsight. According to anotheigconstruction the object and image are seensimultaneously and under the same optical conditions as before buttheobject is seen by reflection and the image directly. In anotherconstruction" the luminous rays from the sight are rendered parallel byreection from a concave retiector instead of by refraction through anobject-glass. In each case the coincidence of the object and image isnot adected by the position of the eye of the observer, so that it isnot necessary to keep the eye stationary or even near to the sightingdevice.

Sighting devices of the kind described can be constructed in variousforms and applied to guns in various ways.

In the accompanyingillustrative drawings, Figure l is a side elevation,Fig. 2 an end View, Fig. 3 a longitudinal section on the line A A ofFig. 2, and Fig. 4 a plan, showing one construction of sighting deviceaccording to thisvinvention. Fig. 5 is asimilar view to Fig. 3, showinga modification. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are similar views to Figs..l, 2,-` and3, respectively, showing a modified construction of the sighting device.p Figs. 9 to 14, inclusive, are similar views'to Fig. S, show-` ingfurther modied constructions of the sighting device. Figs. 15 to 33,inclusive, show how sighting devices according to this invention can beapplied to guns of various kinds. Figs. 15, 16, and 17 are respectivelyside, end, and plan views showing a magnifying-eyepiece combined withthe sighting device. Figs. 18 and 19 are side and plan views,respectively; and Fig. 20 is a detail view showing an ordinary telescopecombined with the sighting device. i

, In the sighting device shown in Figs. 1,2, and 3, a is an inclinedpiece of parallel glass arranged within a holder b in the form of atube, (hereinafter called the sighting-tube,) that is adapted to besuitably mounted on a gun, the piece of parallel glass being tixedWithin the sighting-tube at an angle of fortyfive degrees to thelongitudinal axis thereof which corresponds to the line of sight as.Fixed at right angles to the sighting-,tube is IOO a second tube c, thatis provided at its outer single image.

lthe sighting-tube b the object will be seen or upper end with an opaqediaphragm d, formed with a transparent design e, Fig. 4, through whichlight can pass and a ghost or phantom image of which is to be reiectedin a backward direction fromv the inclined piece of parallel glass. Thediaphragm d may conveniently be of glass covered with some opaquematerial-for example, a coating of silver or other metal orpaint-through which a design e is cut, so as to appear as a brightdesign upon a black ground when viewed by transmitted light. In theexample Fig. 4 the design e consists of two fine transparent linesarranged at right .angles to each other, so as to form a transparentcross. The design may, however, be of any other shape--for example, acircle. At the inner end of the tube c (hereinafter called thecollimatingtube) and near its junction with the sighting-tube b is anachromatic lens f, of convex power, (hereinafter called theobject-glass,) which gives the necessary parallelism to the rays oflight coming from the diaphragm d before they reach' thereflecting-surfaces of the in-.

clined piece of parallel glass from which they are reflected to the eyeof t-he observer. For this purpose the position of the object-glassfshould be such that its principal focus will be in the same plane asthe diaphragm d. The outer end of the collimating-tube c must besoarranged that when the sighting device is in use the diaphragm d, withtransparent design e, will be illuminated by naturalor artificial light.With the arrangement described when an observer looks through thesighting-tube b in the direction shown by the arrow g, Fig. 3, it ispossible to see the object aimed at with practically the same amount ofdistinctness and brilliancy as if the piece of parallel glass a were notpresent, and by suitably adjusting the position of the sighting devicethe center of the phantom image of the cross e can be caused tocoincideinposition with the said object, the said image being partially re ectedfrom' the two surf faces of Ithe piece ofl arallel glass, .and thusreflectedv into the eye simultaneously with a view of the object.l Ifthe partsbe arranged as -described and shown, the rays of light en-.tering the eye after reflection from the parallel glass will beparallel rays, and therefore any object, such as the cross e, placed inthe plane of the diaphragm will be seen under the same conditions as ifit were a large object placed at a'great distance instead of what itreally is-viz a small object placed at a small distance-aud if the twosurfaces of the glass be perfectly parallel the two images as seenreflected from the two surfaces will be accurately superposed, so as toappear as a Therefore on looking through under practically the normalconditions of vision, and su perposed upon the object will be seen theghost or phantom image of whatever device e has been formed on or-,inthe diaphragm d, the brilliancy of this image depending upon therelative brilliancy of the skyoi other source of light used toilluminate the diaphragm as compared with the brillia'ncy of the objectitself. In some cases it is difiicult with the arrangement abovedescribed to obtain a sucient brilliancy of the phantom image, the worstconditions probably being when the sky overhead` is of a deep-bluecolor,while the object aimed at is very bright. Under mostcircumstances, therefore, it will be advantageous to use several piecesof parallel glass arranged one immediately behind the other, asillustrated in Fig. 5, where three pieces a of parallel glass are used.In this way the brilliancy of the phantom image will be increased byreason of the fact that the'reflections from the whole six surfaces ofthe three pieces of parallel glass are superposed one upon another. Fora like purpose when using a single piece of glass the reflecting powerof one of its surfaces may be suitably increased-as, for example, bycoating it with a lm of metal (for example, silver) or of suliid oflead, which, however, must be so thin as not to seriously interfere withthe transparency of the glass. Also itis sometimes desirableto place apiece h of faintly-tinted neutral glass across the front end of thesighting-tube b, as shown in Fig. 11, whereby the brilliancy ofv theobject aimed at is reduced and the comparative brilliancy of the phantomimage increased.

In the simpler and more convenient form the collimating-tube c is placedbelow the sighting-tube b and parallel to it, the light being bent bymeans of an inclined reflectingsurface before it passes'through theobject- `of sighting device shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8 glass f andreaches the parallel glass a. In Y the example the reflecting-surface isformed by the inclined back surface of a right-angled prism k ofsuitable glass, such as light fiintglass. 'Ihe right-angled prism k mayhave -plane surfaces and be used in conjunction with an object-glass f,as shown in Figs. 8.

and 9, or the object-glass and pr'sm may be combined in the form of whatis ugually called an object-glass prism, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11.-As hereinbefore mentioned, a

IIO

piece of neutral tint-glass h may be placed in front ofthe sighting-tubeb, either attached rigidly thereto or, as shown in Fig. 11, mounted in ahinged frame l, as under some conditions better results will be obtainedwithout its use and under other conditions of illumination with its use.

Also it is desirable in.

most cases to provide at the outer or forward.

end of the colli mating-tube c, outside the dia.-l

phragm d, a hinged metallic cap or shutter m,

Fig. 11, which when closed against the said tube c serves to protect thediaphragm d from injury and from dust or rain. This shutter 'm may beprovided on its innerside with a reflector fn., of silvered plate orother suitable reflecting material, which when Ythe shutter is partlyopen serves to reflect the light 'of the sky into the collimating-tube cand to illumi s nate the design on the diaphragm d. When using thesighting device in a casemate-battery or between decks on a naval gun,the

shutter m is best left completely open, so as to utilize the lightcoming through the casemate or port-hole; but under other circumstances,such 4as with a field-gun, it will be found more advantageous to use theshutter half-way open, so as to reflect the skylight into thecollimating-tube c through the diaphragm 12 a sighting-tube is dispensedwith in order that there may be, nothing to obstruct the field of viewaround the plate or plates of parallel glass. In this case thecollimating-tube c is made as before, with its diaphragm d and object-glass f complete in itself, and the reflecting arrangement is madein the form of a single piece of very thick glass a, having parallelsurfaces and inclined at an angle of fortyfive degrees to the axis ofthe collimatingtube. In this arrangement parallel rays of light comingfrom the object-glass f will pass first into the lower Yhalf of thepiece of glass' a and reach the back surface thereof, which at the partmarked with the thick line s is 'silvered, so that the rays will bealmost totally reflected thereform. The rays then pass in the directionshown by the dotted lines to the upper part of the inclined frontsurface s' of the piece of glass, whence they are partially reflectedbackward into the eye of an observer. By using a thick piece of glass a,as shown, there will be little or no objection to leaving it quiteunprotected, and it will enable a complete eld of view tohe-obtainedthat is unobstructed by any opaque material above thecollimating-tube. To obtain the best results with this arrangement ofsighting device, the

diaphragmd shouldbe strongly illuminated, as there is only a single andtherefore slight reflection of the rays of light from the inclined frontsurface s' of the piece of glass a. To increase the brilliancy of thephantom image reflected from the inclined surface s', a piece of verylight neutral tinted glass h may be arranged near to but not in opticalcontact with the said surface s', as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 12.This would have the eect not only of reducing the brilliancy of thedistant object seen directly through the piece of glass, and thereforeincreasing the comparative brilliancy of the phantom image, but wouldalso enable the reflections from both surfaces of the piece of neutaltinted glass to be utilized to increase the brilliancy of the image, orthe surface s'may have a very thin semitransparent metallic or otherreflective coatingfor example, silver or sulfid of lead-deposited on itto increaseits refleeting power. If, however, the diaphragm d of thesaidsighting device, Fig. 12, have combined with it anl electric lamp,the brilliancy of the phantom image will for many purposes be quitesufficient without using the piece of neutral tinted glass h or coatingthe surface s with a reflecting-film.

In the sighting device shownin Fig. 13 the parallel glass is replaced bytwo' right-angled prisms u and o, of crown-glass, arranged as shown,sothat theiradjacent inclined surfaces w are near together, but not inactual contact with each other,and are inclined at an angle of aboutfifty degrees to the line of sight :awhile their vertical surfaces y areat right angles to the line of sight. The two prisms may be heldtogether by an interposed layer of suitable adhesive material placedbetween them near to their'outer sides only. The object-glassprism 7c isshown as made in one piece with the adjacentprism u; butit maybe madeseparate from such prism u, if desired. In the former case the glassprism k, which will then be of crownglass, should be silvered on itsinclined rear surface to render the same `refiecting. In thisarrangement it will be seen that the parallel rays of light coming fromthe objectglass f enter and leave the vertical surfaces" V of thecombined prisms k'and u, at right angles to such surfaces,sothat therewill be little loss of such light in passing through the prisms, whileby the use of the prism fu a second inclined reflecting-surface w isobtained IOO which will nearly double the brilliancy of the phantomimage produced. The prisms u and e.) will allow of the greater portionof thelight fromadistant object passing through them, only a smallamount of such light being reflected from the inclined surfaces w.Instead of arrangingthe inclined surfaces w at an angle of about fiftydegrees to the line of sight the right-angled prisms u and o may be madewith angles of forty-five degrees, so that the said surfacesw will beinclined at forty-five degrees tothe line of sight if the said twosurfaces be cemented together, as by Canada balsam, and one of them bepreviously coated with a semitransparent film for coating of areflecting substance, such as silver.

In the modified construction shown in Fig. 14 a prism 7s', preferably oflight flint-glass, is arranged in the tube b and the inclined piece ofparallel glass a is arranged below it in the tube @and behind theobject-glass f. One of the surfaces of the piece of parallel glass a, ispreferably coated with a film of silver of IIO such a thickness as to benot quite opaque,

so as to increase its reflecting power, while still leaving itsuiiicientlytransparent toenable an image ofthe design on the diaphragmd to be seen by the parallel luminous rays' passing through it. Viththis arrangement ,the distant object will be seen by reflection from theinclined refiecting-surface of the prism lo' aud-the inclinedreflecting-surface of the parallel glass a, while a direct image 'of thedesign on the diaphragm d will be produced by the parallel rays of lightproceeding from the object-glassf, so that the said object and image canbe seen simultaneously and the image will appear to be approximately asfar distant as the object and can be viewed under the same opticalconditions as such object, as in the other arrangements of sightingdevices hereinbefore described.

Instead of rendering the luminous rays proceeding from the sightparallel by refraction through a convex lens-i. e., an object-glass, asin the arrangements hereinbefore 1described-they may be renderedparallel by relection from a concave refiecting-surface.

Fig. leta shows one construction for this purvarnish or paint, to, forma diaphragm,

through which a design such as a fine cross or circle is cut toconstitute a sight, as bei fore. This sight is illuminated from behindby light that passes through the opening d* and falls upon and isreflected from the inclined rear surface d3 of the prism, the di-4verging luminous rays from the sight impnging upon the rear concavesurface of the reflector, from which they are refiected backward asparallel rays. The arrangement is such that a distant object can be seendirectly through the conca\'e reliector and the image of the sight canbe superposed on it and the two viewed together, as in the otherarrangements of sighting device hereinbefore described. To increase thebrilliancy of the image of the sight, ktheinner concave surface of thereflector a.' may be coated with a semitransparent film of a reflectingmedium, such as silver or sullid of lead, like some of the planereflectors hereinbefore described. The

opening d* may be glazed with opal or groundor clear glass and may inthe latter case have a mirror mounted over it to direct lighttherethrough.

Sighting devices according to this invention can be used by the unadedeye or in connection with a telescope, field-glass, or equivalent devicefor more distinctly observing the object to be sighted. As the raysentering the eye from the object and from the phantom sight arepractically parallel, a Iield -glass or other form of telescope can beused to view the superimposed images of object and phantom sight whichwill simultaneously be in focus. Also such sighting devices may be'ceases constructed in forms other than those here-l inabove indicatedas examples.`

A sighting device of the kind described can be mounted upon a gun in anysuitable or known way to allow for angular movement in vertical andhorizontal planes to suit variations 'in range, wind-pressure, and theother variable conditions to which such devices must comply.

Figs. 15, 16, and 17 show'how an eyepiece of well known constructionhaving two pairs cf reflecting-prisms and an object-glass and designedto magnify theimage of the sight and the View of a distant object can beapplied to the sighting device in such away that it can be brought intoposition to facilitate the observation of the image of the sight and adistant object or can be moved out of position, as may be desired. Forthis purpose the carrier 20, in which the sighting device b c may beheld, is provided with a bearing 30, in which the said eyepiece 3l ismounted to' turn about a horizontal axis, so that it can at will beturned either into the operative position shown in'full lines in Figs.15, 16, and 17 or into the inoperative position shown in dotted lines inFigs. 16 aud 17.

Figs. 18, 19, and 2O show how an ordinary telescope 29 can be used inconnection with the sighting device b c for sighting objects at a greatdistance.` For this purpose the rear end of the sight-carrier 20 isformed with a pair of vertical guides 32, Fig. 20, to receive and holdthe rim 33 on the forward end ofl the telescope and with abackwardly-projecting extension 34 to serve as a rest for the body ofthe telescope, as shown in Fig. 18.

What I claim is- 1. A sighting device for guns, comprising a sight andmeans whereby luminous rays proceeding therefrom to the eye of anobserver are rendered parallel to one another.

2. A sighting device for guns, comprisinga sight and means wherebyluminous rays proceeding therefrom can be rendered parallel to oneanother and there is produced an image thatcan be superposed upon andviewed simultaneously with a distant object.

3. A sighting device for guns, comprising a sight, means for renderingluminous rays proceeding therefrom parallel to one another, and asurface from which an image of the sight produced by the parallelluminous rays can IOO IIO

be reliected and caused to enter the eye of an observersimultaneouslywith a view of a distant object.

4. A sighting device for guns, com prisin g a sight, means for renderingluminous rays proceeding therefrom parallel. to one another, andreflecting-surfaces whereby views of the sight and a distant object canbe superposed and viewed simultaneously.

5. A sighting device for guns, comprising a sight, `means wherebyluminous rays proceeding therefrom can be rendered parallel be" forereaching the eye of an observer, and

means whereby the brilliaucy of a distant ob- A sight, a lamp forilluminating said sight, and

means whereby luminous rays proceeding from said sight can be renderedparallel to one another.

'8. A sighting device for guns, comprising a sight, means wherebyluminous rays proceeding therefrom are rendered parallel, and one ormore inclined surfaces through which a distant object can be viewed andfrom which an image of the sight produced by the parallel rays will bereflected in a backward direction.

9. A sighting device for guns, comprisinga sight, means whereby luminousrays proceeding therefrom are rendered parallel, one or more pieces oftransparent material having parallel surfaces inclined to the line ofsight through said device, through which a distant object can be seen,and by which an image of the sight will be reflected in a backwarddirection.

10. Asightingd-evicefoi-guns,comprisiuga sight, an object-glass wherebyluminous rays proceeding therefrom are rendered parallel, and one ormore reflecting-surfaces arranged at an angle to the line of sight andupon which the parallel luminous rays are projected so as to produce aphantom image of said sight.

1l. A sighting device forguns, comprising a tube, a diaphragm carried by'said tube and bearing a design constituting the sight proper, meanswhereby luminous rays proceeding from said design or sight are renderedparallel, and a transparent body1 through which a distant object can beseen and having one or more inclined surfaces upon which the parallelluminous rays are projected so as to produce an image of said design orsight.

l2. A sighting device forguns, comprising a tube provided with adiaphragm bearing a design constituting the sight proper, atransparentbody having one or more inclined reflecting-surfaces external to saidtube and through which a distantv object can be seen,

and an object-glass arranged to render lumi-l nous rays proceeding fromsaid diaphragm parallel to one another and to direct said parallel raysonto said inclined reflecting surface or surfaces.

13.- Asightingdevicefoi-guns,comprisinga tube provided with a diaphragmbearing a? design constituting the sight proper, an' ob- Ject-glasscapable of rendering luminous rays proceeding from said design paralleltoone another, a transparent body through which a distant object can beviewed and from which an image of the design or sight, produced by theparallel luminous rays will be' reflected', and transparent materialarranged in front of said transparent body and capable of reducing thebrilliancy of said distant object as seen through said transparent body.

14.l A sighting device for guns,com prising a tube provided with adiaphragm bearing a design constituting thc sight proper, means fordirecting light upon said diaphragm, an object-glass capable ofrendering luminous rays proceedingfrom said diaphragm parallel to oneanother, and an inclined surface from 'which parallel rays both from theilluminated design and from a distant objectcan be caused tosimultaneously enter the eye of an observer.

15. In a sighting device for guns, a tube provided with a diaphragmbearing a transparent design to constitute the sight proper, anobject-glass arranged to render luminous rays proceeding from saiddesign parallel to one another, and an inclined surface from which animage of the design produced by the parallel rays'will be reflected andthrough which a distant object can be simultaneously viewed. g

16. Asightiug device forguns, comprisinga tube provided with a diaphrainbearing a transparent design to constitute the sight proper, areflecting-surface external'to said tube, inclined in a backwarddirection to the line of sight through said device, and through which adistant object can be viewed, a reflecting -surface wit-hin said tubewhereby luminous rays proceeding from said design are reflected onto theexternal reflecting-surface and thence backward, and means arranged torender said rays parallel to one another before they reach the externalrefleeting-surface.

17. A sighting device for giinsconiprisinga tube having its axisparallel to the lincof sight through said device, a diaphragm :trrangedat the forward part of said tube and bearing a design constituting thesight p roper, one or more reflecting-surfaces external to said tube,inclined backward to the line cf sight, and through which adistantobject can be seen, a reflecting-surface whereby luminous rays from saiddesign are bent atv right angles and directed toward said inclinedsurface or surfaces, and an object-glass for rendering said raysparallel to one another before impinging upon said external reflectingsurface or surfaces. t

18. Asighting device forguns,eomprising a tube provided with a diaphragmbearing a design constituting the sight proper, a transparent bodyexternal to said tube and inclined backward to the axis thereof, arightangled prism having its inclined surface ar- 'ranged to reflectluminous rays proceeding from said design onto the externalreflectingsurface, and anobject-glass arranged to render said raysparallel to one another before reaching the last-mentioned surface.

lOO

19. Asightingdevice for guns,comprisinga tube provided with a diaphragmbearinga design constituting the sight proper, pieces of transparentparallel glass arranged external to said tube and inclined backward to'the axis of said tubeya right-angled prism arranged within said tube soas to reflect 1uminous rays coming from said diaphragm onto the inclinedsurfaces of the parallel glass, and an object-glass arranged betweensaid prism and piecesv of parallel glass so as to render theluminous'rays parallel to one another.

20. Asightingdevice forguns,comprisinga tube having a diaphragm carryingthe sight proper, a transparent body external to said tube and havingone or more backwardly-inclined reflecting-surfaces, means for renderingluminous rays proceeding from said diaphragm and sight parallel t0 oneanother and directing them onto said inclined reflecting surface orsurfaces, and transparent material adapted to be placed adjacent to saidtransparentbody and to diminish the brilliancy of a distant object asseen through said transparent body.

21. Asightingdeviceforguns,comprisinga tube having a diaphragm carryingthe sight proper, a transparent body external to said ltube and havingone or more backwardly-inclined refiectingfsurfaces, means for renderingluminous rays proceeding from said diaphragmand sight parallel to oneanother and directinggjthem onto said inclined reliectingsurface-orsurfaces', and -an incandescent electric lamp arranged toilluminate said diaphragm and sightf-j f 22. Asightingde-v'eforguns,'comprisinga sighting-tube having-fone or more pieces ofparallel transparent glass arranged across the axis thereof and'inclined backwardV to said axis, a collimating-tubehaving 'a diaphragmprovided with a transparentvtdesign, and means whereby luminous raysfrom said-diaphragm are rendered parallel and directed onto the inclinedsurfaces of said transparent material.

23. Asightingdeviceforguns,comprisinga sighting-tube having one or morepieces of parallel glass extending across the same and inclined backwardto the axis of said tube, a collimating-tube arranged' parallel to saidsighting-tube and provided with a diaphragm bearin g a transparentdesign constituting the sight proper, aright-angled prism arranged insaid collimating-tube so as to reflect 1uminous rays coming from saidsight onto the inclined surfaces of the parallel glass, and

of December, 1900.

an object-glass for rendering said luminous rays parallel.

24. A sighting device for guns,comprisinga sighting-tube having one ormore pieces of.

parallel transparent glass arranged across the axis thereof and inclinedbackward to said axis, a collimating-tube having a diaphragm providedwith a transparent design, means whereby luminous rays from saiddiaphragm are rendered' parallel and directed onto the inclined surfacesof said transparent material, and transparent material adapted to beplaced in front of said parallel glass and diminish the brilliancy of adistant obamount of external lightcan be directed upon said diaphragm.

26. The combination with a gun of asighting device adjustably mountedthereon and comprising a sight and means whereby luminous raysproceeding therefrom are rendered parallel before reaching the eye of anob# server. l e

v27. The combination with a gun of an adjustable sighting devicecomprising a sight, means whereby luminous rays proceeding therefrom arerendered parallel, and a refleeting-surface whereby views of the sightand a distantobject can be superposed and viewed simultaneously.

28. A sighting device for guns,co mprising a sight, means wherebyluminous rays proceeding therefrom are rendered parallel, and a lootransparent body having a surface from which parallel luminous rays bothfrom the sight and from a distant object can be caused to simultaneouslyproceed in a backward direction, said surface being coated with a filmof a reflecting medium that will increase' the reflecting power of saidsurface while allowing of the passage of rays of light therethrongSigned at Rathmines, Dublin, this 8th-day HOWARD GRUBB.

-VVitnessesx J. M. WILLIAMS, N. O. WEBB.

